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Chapter 11

The Rule Corpus & Its Evidence Classes

The engine’s place-making rules are held as data, each with the text it comes from, a citation, and a class that says how well it is evidenced. This is the whole corpus. A located verse and a modern reading are never weighed alike, and a citation the engine could not check against an edition is marked so on the rule itself.

The classes

What the evidence classes mean

Class A: Located verse
Stated in a located verse of a classical text, and cited by chapter and verse in the numbering of a named edition.
Class B: Traditional practice
A traditional practice whose source text is not named, or was not located.
Class C: Testable
Something measurement of heat, light, air or sound could test, and which has not been measured here.
Class D: Building science
A measured building-science effect stands behind it: daylight, ventilation, solar heat gain or shade.
Class E: Practitioner school
A modern reading, or the practice of one school, that is not stated in a located verse.
Class F: Disputed
The sources conflict, or no support for the claim could be found.

A class says how well a statement is evidenced, not how good the advice is. It grades the engine’s rules; the A–F badge on the chapter pages grades how a statement is attested in the texts, on a scale of its own.

The corpus

Where the corpus stands

18 rules in the corpus, and 10 classical sources listed beside them. 11 of the citations could not be checked against an edition and are marked so below.

  • Class A: 6
  • Class B: 1
  • Class C: 4
  • Class D: 4
  • Class E: 3
  • Class F: 0

The classical sources

The classical sources the rule corpus cites, with their traditional author, era and subject.
SourceTraditional authorEraSubject
Bṛhat SaṃhitāVarāhamihira6th Century CEVāstu, Vṛkṣāyurveda, Kāla, Jyotiṣa
MānasāraMānasāra Ṛṣi7th–11th Century CEVāstu, Śilpaśāstra, Settlement Planning
MayamataMayāsura9th–12th Century CEVāstu, Śilpaśāstra, Town Planning
Viśvakarma PrakāśaViśvakarmā10th–12th Century CEVāstu, Residential Planning, Remedies
VṛkṣāyurvedaSurapāla10th–11th Century CEVṛkṣāyurveda, Arboriculture, Agroforestry
Kṛṣi ParāśaraParāśara Ṛṣi4th–8th Century CEKṛṣi (Agriculture), Meteorology, Water Systems
NāṭyaśāstraBharata Muni2nd Century BCE – 2nd Century CENāṭyaśāstra, Performance Spaces, Stage Acoustics
Caraka SaṃhitāMaharṣi Caraka300 BCE – 100 CEĀyurveda, Dinacaryā, Environmental Health
ArthaśāstraKauṭilya (Cāṇakya)4th Century BCETown Planning, Gośālā Administration, Fortification
Samarāṅgaṇa SūtradhāraRājā Bhoja of Dhārā11th Century CEVāstu, Mechanical Engineering (Yantra), Śilpa

Authors and eras are the traditional attributions; several are disputed.

Class A — Located verse (6 rules)

  • VASTU-SITE-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Bhūmi-plava-lakṣaṇa: Land sloping towards the North and East is auspicious (Gomukha / Jala-pravāha).

    What it asks: Site gradient should incline downward towards North or East.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.113–115 (Kern; 53.115–117 in Sastri–Bhat): ground raised in the east or north is inauspicious; Mayamata 3.20: the best site is raised in the south and west, its water flowing east and north

  • VASTU-BRAHMA-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Brahmasthāna-rakṣaṇa: The central spatial core corresponds to the Akasha tattva and must remain unencumbered.

    What it asks: The central nine cells of the 81-pada mandala (1/9 of the plot) — or the central four of the 64-pada (1/16) — must carry no load-bearing column or sanitation.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.64 (keep Brahmā's area within the house free of impurity) and 52.57–58 (no pillar, peg or vessel on a marma); Mayamata 7.53–55 (the marmas and the heart at the centre, not to be pressed by the members of the house)

  • VASTU-ENTRY-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Dvāra-pada-vibhāga: Entrance placement in the auspicious padas the Bṛhat Saṃhitā names — Jayanta and Indra (E3, E4), Bṛhatkṣata (S4), Kusumadanta and Varuṇa (W4, W5), Mukhya, Bhallāṭa and Soma (N3–N5).

    What it asks: Main entry threshold in E3, E4, S4, W4, W5, N3, N4 or N5 of the wall it opens in (the fourth pada of each side in the Mayamata).

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.69–73 (Kern; 53.71–75 in Sastri–Bhat); Mayamata 17.47–49 and 9.57–60 name the door places Mahendra, Gṛhakṣata, Puṣpadanta and Bhallāṭa

  • VASTU-FIRE-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Agni-koṇa-vinyāsa: The kitchen belongs in the South-East (Āgneya) sector.

    What it asks: Kitchens occupy the Āgneya (SE) quadrant; modern practice extends the rule to boilers, furnaces and heating equipment.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.116 (Kern; 53.118 in Sastri–Bhat): the kitchen in the south-east; Viśvakarma Prakāśa 2.94; Matsya Purāṇa 256.33–34

  • VRIKSHA-TREE-001VṛkṣāyurvedaConfidence: High

    Diśā-vṛkṣa-niyama: Directional compatibility of large canopy trees with the house.

    What it asks: Banyan (Vaṭa) in East, Peepal (Aśvattha) in West, Udumbara in South, and Plakṣa in North. Never plant invasive tap-roots within 5m of plinths.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.83 (Kern; 53.85 in Sastri–Bhat): plakṣa, vaṭa, udumbara and aśvattha are auspicious to the north, east, south and west, inauspicious to the south, west, north and east; Surapāla Vṛkṣāyurveda vv. 25–29 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • IND-ARTHA-001ArthaśāstraConfidence: Low

    Karmānta-vinyāsa-vidhi: State workshops, metallurgy kilns, and manufactories segregate fire, effluent, and heavy storage.

    What it asks: Metal smelters, furnaces, and heating ovens must be clustered downwind in South-East away from administrative chambers and granaries.

    Citation: Arthaśāstra Bk. 2 Ch. 12 (Ākarādhyakṣa) & Ch. 23 (Sūtrādhyakṣa) (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition

Class B — Traditional practice (1 rule)

  • NATYA-MANDAPA-002NāṭyaśāstraConfidence: Low

    Raṅgapīṭha-Nepathya-saṃyojana: Separation of active stage, elevated sounding board, and backstage dressing chambers.

    What it asks: Divide the hall into equal halves: Front half for stepped audience seating (Prekṣaka-gṛha), rear half split between stage and Nepathya.

    Citation: Nāṭyaśāstra Ch. 2, vv. 33–42 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition

Class C — Testable (4 rules)

  • VRIKSHA-GROVE-001VṛkṣāyurvedaConfidence: Low

    Nakṣatra-Vana & Devaraṇya: Groves of trees associated with the 27 nakṣatras, planted as biodiversity refuges.

    What it asks: Dedicate contiguous perimeter land to indigenous tree clusters suited to the regional soil.

    Citation: Surapāla Vṛkṣāyurveda vv. 40–54 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • VRIKSHA-SOIL-001VṛkṣāyurvedaConfidence: High

    Udakārgala & Bhūmi-parīkṣā: Bio-indicator vegetation (Vetasa, Jambu, Arjuna) reveals groundwater tables and subsoil fertility.

    What it asks: Assess native flora to determine water retention, compaction, and ecological carrying capacity prior to excavation.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 53, Dakārgala (Kern; ch. 54 in Sastri–Bhat)

  • NATYA-MANDAPA-001NāṭyaśāstraConfidence: Low

    Madhyama-Vikṛṣṭa-śreṣṭhatva: The medium rectangular playhouse (64 x 32 hastas / approx 28.8 x 14.4 m) is the one the text prescribes for human drama.

    What it asks: The length is twice the width (64 × 32 hastas).

    Citation: Nāṭyaśāstra Ch. 2, vv. 8–18 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • AYUR-SPACE-001ĀyurvedaConfidence: Medium

    Dinacaryā-kṣetra-saṃvāditā: Living spaces arranged around the daily routine.

    What it asks: Sleeping quarters oriented with head toward South/East; contemplation in tranquil North-East; exercise in early-morning sun East.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.122 (Kern; 53.124 in Sastri–Bhat): not to sleep with the head to the north or west; Caraka Saṃhitā Sūtrasthāna Ch. 7, Śārīrasthāna Ch. 8 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition

Class D — Building science (4 rules)

  • PASU-GOSHALA-001PaśuConfidence: Low

    Go-śālā-vinyāsa: Bovine housing must provide cross-ventilation, dry unencumbered flooring, and East/North sun exposure.

    What it asks: Cattle shed axis should run East-West with stalls oriented to receive gentle morning sun while shielded from hot South-West wind.

    Citation: Arthaśāstra Bk. II, Ch. 29 (Go-adhyakṣa); Kṛṣi Parāśara vv. 85–92 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • IND-AYUR-001ĀyurvedaConfidence: Medium

    Kārmika-śrama-parihāra: Industrial workforce fatigue mitigation through natural illumination and airflow.

    What it asks: Factory shed roof trusses must be designed with North-light monitors admitting glare-free diffused daylight without thermal solar gain.

    Citation: Caraka Saṃhitā Sūtrasthāna Ch. 6 (Tasyāśitīya) & Ch. 11 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • VASTU-STORE-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Bhāṇḍāgāra-sthāna: Stores and utensils in the south-west.

    What it asks: Stores, and other rooms people do not occupy for long, on the south-west and west.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.116 (Kern; 53.118 in Sastri–Bhat): household stores in the south-west; Matsya Purāṇa 256.34; Eco-Niwas Samhita 2024 (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) §9.8, Table 49: the south-west and west walls receive among the most solar radiation (orientation factor 1.12–1.20), the north the least (0.55–0.66)

  • VASTU-VERANDAH-001VāstuConfidence: High

    Vīthikā: A verandah outside the house, in front, behind, at the sides or all round.

    What it asks: A verandah a third as wide as the hall it fronts.

    Citation: Bṛhat Saṃhitā 52.20–21 (Kern): a verandah (vīthikā) a third of the hall's width outside the house, named by where it runs, all four praised; Eco-Niwas Samhita 2024 §9.9: a fixed projection lowers an opening's effective solar heat gain by its external shading factor

Class E — Practitioner school (3 rules)

  • PASU-GOSHALA-002PaśuConfidence: Low

    Cakrīya-dravya-pravāha: Circular nutrient use between livestock, compost and cultivation — a modern practice read into the texts' manuring verses.

    What it asks: Gomutra and dung slurry must drain directly into bio-methanation (biogas) digestors or vermicompost pits without contamination.

    Citation: Kṛṣi Parāśara vv. 94–101 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • IND-SAM-001VāstuConfidence: Low

    Yantra-sthiratā-nyāya: Heavy apparatus set in the heavy south-west — a modern reading of the heavy-in-the-south-west rule applied to machines.

    What it asks: Heavy reciprocating machines, stamping presses, and vibration-generating apparatus must be set upon monolithic footings in South-West.

    Citation: Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhāra Ch. 31 (Yantra-vidhāna), vv. 1–15 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition
  • IND-MAYA-001VāstuConfidence: Low

    Sāmagrī-gati-sūtra: Material flows from raw receipt in the West to dispatch in the North-West — a modern reading of the directional scheme.

    What it asks: Raw stockpiles must anchor the heavy Western quadrant while dynamic outbound despatches exit through the kinetic North-West.

    Citation: Mayamata Ch. 29 (Karmālaya-vidhi), vv. 20–25 (not verified against an edition)

    Locus not verified against an edition

The rules apply through the IKS living places chapters; where rooms are placed is covered in Where rooms belong.